A review of microgrid energy management systems: methods, challenges, and future directions

This study presents a comprehensive review of MG energy management, a field of growing importance due to rising global energy demand, fossil fuel depletion, and the urgent need to integrate renewable resources for sustainable development. Microgrids are increasingly recognised as a viable solution to enhance reliability, resilience, and cost-effectiveness in modern power systems. The fundamental concepts of microgrid energy management are discussed, along with detailed presentations of the key optimisation strategies. Furthermore, various control techniques to achieve efficient energy management have been examined. A comprehensive analysis of microgrid energy management systems is presented. This paper also elucidates the prospective issues and challenges associated with implementing microgrid energy management. Finally, critical aspects of future research on microgrid energy management are delineated. This study aims to provide researchers, scientists, and policymakers with in-depth and systematic knowledge of microgrid energy management, contributing to the identification of key factors essential for advancing this sector towards a sustainable future.