Dynamic phase shift-controlled SST-MLI for grid-connected battery storage

Energy storage systems are vital for maintaining the balance between power consumption and generation in renewable energy-based microgrids. Recently, modular multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become increasingly prominent in medium- and high-voltage grid integration applications. This research presents the integration of a large-scale battery energy storage (BES) system into a microgrid using a 25-level solid-state transformer (SST) based on a T-type MLI topology. A novel Dynamic Phase Shift Controller (DPSC) is developed to enhance the performance of the BES system. The DPSC effectively regulates active and reactive power while ensuring the longevity and health of the battery. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves a fast-dynamic response with a settling time of 0.1 s, minimal overshoot (