Designing value-based roles and behavioural elements for digital humans in human-centred responsible interaction: focusing on Schwartz's theory of human values

This study aimed to define the behavioural roles and derive design implications for digital humans based on Schwartz's theory of human values. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify behavioural elements of digital humans, followed by a thematic analysis to categorise these elements. A secondary literature review and content analysis were then employed to map the corresponding relationships between human values and digital human behavioural elements, resulting in the identification of value-based roles and corresponding design implications. In total, 111 behavioural elements were identified and classified into 20 types. Based on the relationships between human values and digital human behavioural elements, four value-based roles for digital humans were proposed: assistants, tools, companions, and collaborators. These roles provide guidance for the role-specific and context-based design of digital humans, supporting responsible and human-centered interactions aligned with human values.