Chip Thermal Management Based on Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cooling

In this study, an experiment platform was constructed to explore the cooling characteristics of single-nozzle spray cooling system (SNS) and multi-nozzle spray cooling system (MNS). It was found that the influence of spray height on heat transfer was negligible at low heat flux conditions. As the heat flux increased, larger spray heights resulted in a lower heat transfer capability for SNS cooling. The maximum reduction in the maximum heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux reached 73.48% and 81.31%, respectively. For the same heat sink, the MNS had a higher cooling capacity than the SNS, with the maximum heat flux and maximum heat transfer coefficient reaching 129.73 × 104 W/m2 and 10.40 × 104 W/(m2·K), respectively. An investigation of the temperature uniformity of the heat sink for the two spray cooling types showed that at high superheat levels, the temperature uniformity under SNS cooling deteriorated, with the maximum temperature difference reaching 10 K. In comparison, the temperature uniformity for MNS cooling was better, with a maximum temperature difference of 1 K.