Advances in ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent-based blended systems for sustainable CO 2 capture

The growing threat of global warming has increased the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industrial sources such as nuclear power plants and manufacturing facilities. Post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has traditionally relied on monoethanolamine (MEA) – based systems; however, their high energy demand, volatility, and susceptibility to degradation have driven research toward alternative solvent systems with improved performance and stability. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for CO2 capture. Particular attention is given to hybrid IL – DES systems, task-specific solvent design, and computational modeling approaches used to optimize solvent properties. A comparative evaluation with conventional amine-based systems is presented to assess efficiency, stability, and sustainability. The findings indicate that hybrid IL-based solvents can overcome limitations related to viscosity and cost while maintaining high thermal stability. DESs offer environmentally friendly characteristics, simple preparation methods, and enhanced CO2 solubility, especially when functionalized with amine groups. Overall, task-specific and hybrid solvent strategies, supported by computational design tools, show strong potential for developing efficient, stable, and sustainable solvent systems for industrial-scale CO2 capture.