High-entropy metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for advanced catalysis and energy storage applications

High-entropy metal – organic frameworks (HE-MOFs) and their derivatives represent a rapidly emerging class of multifunctional materials with remarkable catalytic potential. As a novel subset of high-entropy materials (HEMs), HE-MOFs exhibit unique characteristics, including structural stability, high density of active sites, and tunable chemical properties, making them particularly attractive for applications in catalysis and renewable energy technologies. This review offers a thorough overview of recent progress in HE-MOFs, emphasizing synthesis strategies, functional design, and practical applications. We first discuss the underlying principles and commonly employed methods for HE-MOF synthesis, drawing on insights from prior studies. Subsequently, we highlight recent advances in their use across energy storage and catalytic systems, with a focus on structure – property correlations that govern their performance. Critical challenges such as stability, scalability, and mechanistic understanding are addressed, along with prospective research directions to guide the development of next-generation HE-MOFs. Ultimately, this review aims to offer valuable perspectives for designing advanced HE-MOFs with tailored functionalities to fulfill the demands of future catalytic and energy applications.