Hawkmoths diversity and activity in an Atlantic Forest – Caatinga ecotone, Northeast Brazil

The natural history, diversity, and behavior of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), are lacking in Northeast Brazil. Understanding the structure of pollinator communities and the role of competition in shaping these communities is essential for effective conservation and management of pollinator species. Sphingidae was collected over six months at the Serra de Itabaiana National Park in Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Moths were captured for 12 h at night using 500 W of mixed light. In total, 192 individuals were sampled and distributed among 18 species. The most abundant species was the Enyo ocypete, followed by Hemeroplanes triptolemus and Perigonia pallida. Additionally, Aleuron chloroptera emerged as a new record in the Northeast Atlantic Forest. Beta diversity showed high dissimilarity between months, with turnover being the primary mechanism for structuring the community. The highest abundance and richness of sphingids occurred during the dry season, which coincided with the flowering period of the plants. Sphingids exhibited activity patterns, with distinct peak activities at night. Our results suggested that food competition is not a significant factor in determining sphingid activity. This study contributes to our understanding of sphingid diversity and distribution and highlights the importance of conducting further research to uncover more information about neglected pollinating insects.