Investigation and efficiency on polymeric hybrid exchangers for the removal of methylene blue and methyl violet dyes in textile wastewater

The applicability of the polyaniline-based hybrid cation exchangers to environmental remediation has been investigated by the removal of methylene blue (MB), methyl violet (MV), and the dye in the industrial effluent by various parameters. It has been established that with different metal ions like Pb2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+, the dye removal efficiency is least in the presence of Pb2+ ion and maximum with Zn2+ion. The significant alteration in the UV–visible spectra, FTIR spectra, SEM, and TGA analysis of polyaniline hybrid ion exchangers after treatment with dye clearly showed the existence of interaction between dye molecules and hybrid exchangers. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB and MV dyes observed with PA/SnCeMo was 109 and 103 mg/g respectively for 150 mg dose of PA/SnCeMo, contact time of 30 minutes and 20 mg/L dye concentration. Adsorption process of MB and MV dye onto polyaniline-based hybrid exchangers was well described by the Freundlich isotherm, Halsey isotherm model, and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Investigations revealed the adsorption process to be exothermic and spontaneous through thermodynamic parameter studies. The practical applicability of the hybrid exchangers has also been tested by degrading the effluent collected from the dye industry in the Tiruppur area of Tamil Nadu, India.