Effect of Telerehabilitation on the Capacity, Motor Performance, and Participation of Infants Aged 0–2 Years with Biological Risk for Developmental Delay: A Systematic Review

Objective This study systematically reviewed research on the effects of motor interventions delivered via telerehabilitation, compared with control conditions, on motor capacity, performance, and participation in infants at biological risk for developmental delay from birth to two years of age.Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, and CINAHL until March 2025. Studies investigating motor interventions via telerehabilitation compared to in-person or remote caregiver guidance were included.Results Four randomized clinical trials (n = 105 infants) of high methodological quality were included. Interventions used video calls, phone, or text messaging. Both telerehabilitation and in-person groups improved in motor outcomes and participation. In-person assessments predominated, mainly using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. None of the studies directly assessed motor performance. Additionally, variations in therapeutic approach, goals, caregiver involvement, and dosage between telerehabilitation and in-person groups within studies (1–7 sessions/week, 30–45 min, for 4–14 weeks) limited the attribution of effects to the mode of delivery.Conclusions Telerehabilitation shows positive effects on motor capacity and participation in at-risk infants, but methodological heterogeneity and the lack of standardized studies comparing remote and in-person interventions limits conclusions about the equivalence of these modalities.