From Insecurity to Exchange: Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance Predict Exchange Orientation via Different Psychological Mechanisms

Across three studies (N = 2,309), we examined the relationship between attachment insecurity and aspects of exchange orientation. Study 1 showed that attachment anxiety was related to exchange orientation toward romantic partners and acquaintances, and calculative mindset, whereas attachment avoidance was related to exchange orientation toward romantic partners and a calculative mindset. Preregistered Study 2 replicated these links longitudinally. Preregistered Study 3 revealed distinct mechanisms: need for cognitive closure mediated the link between anxiety and exchange orientation, while desire for control mediated the link between avoidance and exchange orientation. Together, we show that exchange orientation functions as a compensatory mechanism, providing predictability and alleviating uncertainty for individuals with high attachment anxiety and preserving autonomy for individuals with high attachment avoidance.