Toward Smart and Scalable EV Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Battery Intelligence, Control Optimization, and System Integration
Abstract
The electric vehicle evolves rapidly from a simple electric motor and battery to a complex, integrated platform connecting the energy grid and utilizing cyber-physical systems. This study provides an overview of the most recent advances in battery intelligence, subsystem coordination, and comprehensive system integration, covering critical topics such as innovative battery-state estimation methodologies; AI-based control strategies and bidirectional energy transfers, such as vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-everything; as well as the increasing need for cybersecurity and the development of shared mobility. The review ends by identifying major research directions in adaptative battery management and secure and reliable environments for EVs.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Advanced Battery Technologies Research
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
Publication details
- Journal / source
- IETE Technical Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 222–236
- Publication date
- 21 January 2026
- Language
- EN