Power System Reliability Enhancement for Standard Bus Systems Under Varying Conditions with the Optimized Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES)

Contingencies such as generator or transmission line outages can overload adjacent lines and push the power system toward cascading failures. Generator outages further reduce available generation, leading to voltage depression, loss of synchronism, and overall system instability. Integrating renewable energy sources (RES) at strategically selected network locations can mitigate these issues by supplying active and reactive power where needed. This study investigates optimal siting and sizing of RES to enhance voltage stability in stressed power systems. A Climbing Plant Optimization (CPO) approach is employed to minimize the Reduced Fast Voltage Stability Index (RFVSI) and transmission losses while improving system voltage profiles. Results show that appropriately placed RES significantly increase power transfer capability, reduce losses, and strengthen bus voltages. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CPO in identifying high-quality RES integration strategies and highlight its potential for supporting more sustainable and reliable power system operation.