Impact of breast health education and individual sports bra prescription on elite female football match officials

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Authors: Jenny Burbage, Emily Paines, Chloe G. Errington, Nathalie Y. Qaqaya, Werner F Helsen, Caroline A. Tarnowski, Ian Rollo, Mariel Jones, Joanna Wakefield-Scurr
Cited by: 1
References: 35

Abstract

Female football (soccer) officials face unique physical demands and equipment constraints, yet their breast health needs remain under-researched. This study investigated bra usage, issues and preferences among elite and national-level female football match officials and evaluated the effect of a targeted breast health intervention. Baseline questionnaires were completed by 104 officials (mean age 34 ± 5 years), assessing breast and bra knowledge, usage, preferences, pain and equipment-related issues. All 104 participants attended a one-hour online breast health education session. Of these, a subgroup of 20 elite officials also received a bra assessment and were prescribed a high-support bra. Four weeks later, follow-up questionnaires assessed changes in breast health knowledge and compared personal versus prescribed sports bras for fit, support, pain and compatibility with upper-body equipment. At baseline, 93% of participants reported at least one breast- or bra-related issue; 25% identified problems due to bra-equipment interaction. Breast health knowledge improved significantly post-intervention (p < 0.001). Satisfaction was significantly higher with the prescribed bra across fit, support and reduced breast pain (all p < 0.05). Targeted breast health education and individual bra prescription improved knowledge, comfort and support. Breast-related and bra-equipment interaction issues are prevalent, highlighting the need for improved sports bra design and integration with upper-body equipment.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Breast Implant and Reconstruction Occupational Health and Performance Sports injuries and prevention

Publication details

Journal / source
Journal of Sports Sciences
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Volume
44
Issue
7
Pages
932–943
Publication date
3 February 2026
Language
EN