Home-based action observation training improves walking performance, balance, and lower limb motor function in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Stroke often impairs gait, balance, and motor functions. Action Observation Training (AOT), activating the mirror neuron system via goal-directed movement observation, may enhance motor recovery. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of an individualized home-based AOT (HB-AOT) program, combined with conventional physiotherapy, on walking, balance, and lower limb motor function in individuals with chronic stroke. METHODS: Thirty individuals with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to HB-AOT or control groups. Both received conventional physiotherapy, while the HB-AOT group additionally performed individualized HB-AOT sessions three times weekly for eight weeks. Walking performance, balance, and lower limb motor function were assessed using the 2-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Lower Extremity (FMA-LE). Gait speed was derived from the 2-Minute Walk Test. RESULTS: < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating individualized HB-AOT with conventional therapy may enhance walking performance, balance, and lower limb motor recovery in chronic stroke, supporting its use as a complementary rehabilitation approach.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06501014.