Density-based topology optimization of aerofoils with fluid–structure interaction

This article presents a topology optimization method for aerofoils considering the fluid–structure interaction effect and an iterative correction strategy. The objective is to generate an interior structure that deforms into a good aerodynamic shape. The internal structural layout and its corresponding aerodynamic shape are coupled when the fluid–structure interaction effect is considered, since structural deformation is influenced by the aerodynamic force and a slight change in aerofoil shape has a significant effect on aerodynamic performance. Topology optimization is performed by considering the aerodynamic pressure based on the target shape to obtain the inner structure. An iterative correction technique with the bisection method aims to design the undeformed shape in an inverse direction. The fluid–structure interaction response is computed using a segregated approach, which couples the fluid analysis model with the structural analysis model. The application of the proposed method holds significant potential for engineering purposes.