Using 3D web scenes to enhance flood risk awareness and climate change education in higher education

Climate change presents challenges for environmental education, as traditional methods often struggle to convey the urgency and complexity of climate change impacts, failing to inspire engagement. This study examines a desktop-based 3D web scene (a screen-based geovisualization environment accessed through a standard computer interface) as a tool to enhance student understanding of climate change and flood risk mitigation. A desktop-based 3D web scene was developed integrating drone imagery with future flood scenarios based on sea-level rise projections for 2075. Drone-acquired images of a university campus were transformed into a 3D mesh, simulating inundation with and without flood mitigation infrastructure in Norfolk, Virginia. Twenty-two participants explored these simulations and completed assessments using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) alongside pre- and post-surveys to evaluate learning outcomes and engagement. Results indicate that the 3D web scene significantly improved students’ understanding, awareness, and concern about flood risks and mitigation strategies. Participants found the desktop-based 3D web scene more engaging and effective than traditional methods. This study demonstrates that 3D web scenes can make complex environmental concepts more accessible by connecting abstract climate issues to real-world scenarios. The findings highlight the potential of desktop-based 3D web scenes as a powerful educational tool in geographic and climate change education, enhancing spatial understanding and engagement.