Community-led development and community-based natural resource management: best practice in Sub-Saharan Africa

Rural Community Development is a course of action aimed at developing communities and improving living standards. If steered by community members, then community development can leverage social networks, strengthen community organizations and foster community wellbeing. This study, therefore, traces the legacies of traditional and colonial natural resources management and community development CD) endeavours to reflect on the causes of regional differences. Using a systematic literature review it is shown that CD requires civic mindedness that is more pervasive in former British colonies compared to those ruled by France and other European nations. The study also revealed that the British colonial indirect rule system has uniquely enabled greater community-led development in former British colonies in Sub-Saharan Africa, by retaining some level of local leadership. However, the notable exclusion of women in local leadership must be dealt with if CD is to be successful in the long run. The study argues that CD and community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches are context-specific approaches due to diverse social and cultural structures. The study suggests building local capacity is essential, as empowered communities are more likely to drive change and sustain development efforts. However, research is required on the degree of success of CBNRM in the phase of increasing population exerting pressure on resources.