Impact of generative AI tools on students’ productivity and critical thinking

The increasing implementation of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies in higher education institutions is changing how students perform their tasks and develop their cognitive abilities. Although GenAI increases learning productivity, doubts emerge concerning its effect on the development of critical thinking skills. In this study, the link between the use of GenAI technology by students and their learning productivity and results related to critical thinking was examined. The research adopted an analytical approach based on surveys of 102 university students. The statistical analysis, involving correlations and regressions, showed that there is a statistically significant positive link between GenAI technology usage and learning results (r = 0.697); the proportion of AI explained 48.6 percent of the variation (R2 = 0.486). Still, there could be a danger that GenAI will make students cognitively dependent on it and decrease analytical activity. The results of this study reflect the dual role of GenAI technologies as a learning productivity enhancer and a threat to students’ cognition.