The effects of chronobiological rhythms on glucose metabolism in gestational diabetes: A systematic review

This systematic review aims to examine the effects of chronobiological rhythms on glucose metabolism during pregnancy. In parallel with the increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), chronobiological factors such as sleep duration, circadian rhythm disturbances, and meal timing are evaluated for their impact on glucose metabolism. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies published between 2010 and 2025 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Articles meeting eligibility criteria were included, and data analysis was performed. A total of eight articles meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the study and the data were subsequently analyzed. Findings indicate that short sleep duration, late eating, evening chronotype, and night-shift work increase the risk of GDM. Meal timing and high carbohydrate intake in the morning influence glucose variability. Regulation of chronobiological rhythms plays a significant role in maintaining glucose metabolism during pregnancy. Clinical practice should consider factors such as sleep patterns and meal timing.