Antimicrobial proteins regulating neuroinflammation

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs), also termed host defense peptides, are well-known effector molecules in innate immunity across all organisms. Recent research has revealed that AMPs possess multifunctional properties beyond their antimicrobial activity, including roles in neuroinflammation. The expression of AMPs has been detected within the central nervous system (CNS) at a basal level and is generally upregulated in various neurological disorders. Owing to its expression and induction in the CNS, there has been growing interest in investigating the relationships among AMPs, neuroinflammation, and various neurological disorders. METHODS: To ensure a comprehensive overview, relevant articles were identified through an extensive PubMed search for this review. Here, we discuss recent literature and advances in understanding AMPs in the CNS at both molecular and functional levels. Additionally, the potential use of these proteins in targeting neuroinflammatory disorders is examined. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this review provides insight into the complex interplay between AMPs and neuroinflammation and highlights the need for further research in this field.