Rethinking the Social Contract and Environmental Justice Through Women’s Activities in Morocco’s Southeastern Oases

This article investigates the evolving role of rural women in Moroccan oases, focusing on how environmental change, particularly water scarcity, impacts their position within the social contract. Employing a conceptual framework that combines social contract theory with environmental justice perspectives, the study examines women’s access to protection, provision, participation, and recognition. Field research in the Drâa-Tafilalt region reveals that while women face structural marginalization and vulnerability, they are also active agents of change. The rise of women’s cooperatives, often centred around agricultural products but expanding to empowering developmental activities, demonstrates their capacity for innovation and adaptation. However, water scarcity threatens present achievements. The study highlights the interconnectedness of environmental degradation, gender relations, and state-society dynamics, emphasizing the need for policies that recognize gender-specific needs and contributions in the context of climate change.