Consequences of undisclosed conflicts of interest in academic publishing

BACKGROUND: Failure to declare a conflict of interest (COI) may bias research outcomes and undermine the integrity of readers' decision-making. This study aims to examine common practices in health sciences where COIs were inadequately disclosed. METHODS: We identified and analyzed papers with post-publication COI issues by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Retraction Watch Databases. RESULTS: A total of 328 medical papers were identified with COI issues. Among them, 128 (39.0%) articles were retracted, 53 (16.2%) received expressions of concern, and 147 (44.8%) were corrected. Most actions (224, 68.2%) were initiated by editors or publishers. Despite these issues, papers reached a median of 4 post-publication citations. Of 189 papers failing to declare financial COIs, 33.8% were retracted, while 61.2% received corrections or expressions of concern. CONCLUSIONS: Journals should adopt more detailed guidelines for COI disclosures and standardizing retraction notices to improve transparency. There is an urgent need for robust mechanisms to address potential COI issues effectively and to encourage authors to disclose COI transparently. Furthermore, to mitigate the risk of retractions, expressions of editorial concern, or corrections, these disclosure protocols must remain enforceable even post-publication.