Neurotoxic effects of 3.5 GHz GSM-like RF exposure on cultured DRG neurons: a mechanistic insight into oxidative and apoptotic pathways
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study investigated whether strictly non-thermal, GSM-like 3.5 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)-overlapping in frequency with bands used by 5 G networks but not employing a 5 G NR waveform-disrupt redox homeostasis and activate apoptotic signaling in peripheral sensory neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures were exposed in a GTEM-based setup to pulsed 3.5 GHz RF-EMF (217 Hz, ∼12.5% duty) for 1-24 h at 37 °C with
Fields of Study & Subjects
Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Electromagnetic wave absorption materials
Hearing
Cochlea
Tinnitus
Genetics
Publication details
- Journal / source
- International Journal of Radiation Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 421–434
- Publication date
- 21 January 2026
- Language
- EN