Unveiling the key regulatory mechanisms in flavonoid biosynthesis through multi-omics strategies

Flavonoids, a principal class of bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicine, exhibit a diverse array of pharmacological properties. The extraction and purification of these compounds from natural medicinal plants are often hindered by challenges such as low purity and yield. Biosynthetic pathways offer several benefits over chemical synthesis, including environmental sustainability, high selectivity, and specificity, and have become a prevalent approach in the study of active components in traditional Chinese medicine. Omics technologies, through the integration of multi-level data, offer a holistic view of biosynthetic pathways, enabling the elucidation of their intricate regulatory mechanisms and the enhancement of biosynthetic efficiency. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the biosynthesis of flavonoids across genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, with the goal of establishing a foundation for the further research and development of flavonoids and the biosynthesis of other bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicine.