A U-Net-based multimodal deep learning model for high-precision blood glucose prediction using non-invasive physiological data

This study proposes a novel U-Net-based convolutional neural network for blood glucose prediction by integrating historical continuous glucose monitoring data with non-invasive physiological parameters. The model achieved robust performance using the OhioT1DM dataset—demonstrating superiority with MAEs of 8.4761 mg/dL (30 min) and 14.0170 mg/dL (60 min), RMSEs of 13.1315 and 20.6470 mg/dL, and R2 values of 0.9397 and 0.8549. This framework offers a practical, data-driven strategy for short-term glucose forecasting and metabolic health management in insulin-dependent T1DM patients, while the quantitative validation of its non-invasiveness provides a robust basis for wearable sensor-based glucose monitoring.