Socioenvironmental dynamics and determinants of riverscape pollution in Nigeria: insights from the Oyun River–Reservoir system, Offa

Olagunju TE, Ibini OD, Mustapha MK. 2026. Socioenvironmental dynamics and determinants of riverscape pollution in Nigeria: insights from the Oyun River–Reservoir system, Offa. Lake Reserv Manag. XX–XX.Riverscape pollution poses significant threats to both ecological integrity and socioeconomic well-being worldwide. This study examines the socioenvironmental dynamics and determinants of riverscape pollution in the Oyun River–Reservoir system, Offa, in Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, data were collected from randomly selected 35 cohorts and 387 respondents (5% margin of error) through pretested semistructured interviews and questionnaires, respectively. Statistical analyses, including chi-squared tests and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, were employed to identify associations and to rank pollution risk factors. Key findings indicate that low education, low income, and employment significantly (P < 0.05) influenced knowledge of riverscape pollution. The predominant drivers of pollution include open defecation, waste dumping, and nonsustainable fishing and agricultural practices, all compounded by poverty, weak governance, cultural beliefs, and inadequate infrastructure. Despite awareness of the risk factors associated with riverscape pollution, pro-environmental behaviors remain low due to structural barriers. The study underscores the importance of community-driven conservation, policy enforcement, and infrastructural improvements to mitigate riverscape pollution. The findings also provide critical insights for policymakers and environmental stakeholders, advocating for targeted interventions to ensure sustainable management of freshwater ecosystems, especially in developing countries. Future research should adopt longitudinal approaches to assess evolving perceptions and behavior.