Ferrohydrodynamic natural convection over a hydrophobic stretching surface

Ferrofluids flowing over a hydrophobic surface are important in enhancing heat transfer properties for mechanical devices and reducing friction on the surface for efficient use in lubrication. This effort investigates the motion of water-based ferrofluid on a vertical hydrophobic stretching sheet exposed to a magnetic field. In this flow, natural convection and temperature flow in the system are demonstrated. A non-dimensional transformation is used to change the mathematical model into a set of nonlinear formulations of differential equations. Due to the hydrophobic surface, the slip effects are considered. Finally, the system of nonlinearly coupled equations is simulated using the finite element technique. All the aspects of the numerical solution are validated with the previously published literature. The significance of surface roughness, magnetostatic field, and Prandtl number on the velocity profiles, convective boundary layer, and temperature is explained. The hydrophobic surface, the velocity slip parameter enhances the convective boundary layer and roughness factor plays a crucial role in the heat transfer enhancement and self-cleaning purposes in biomedical applications.