Abrasive waterjet machining of Fe-based shape memory alloy

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) can reshape when heated, magnetized, or stressed. They are used for numerous applications because they actively respond to external stimuli while maintaining structural integrity and functionality. Ni-Ti-based SMAs are widely used but expensive, prompting research into more affordable alternatives for Fe- and Cu-based SMAs. Fe-based SMAs can be processed using unconventional machining techniques like laser, electric discharge machining, and abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM). This study explores AWJM for Fe-based SMAs, examining the effects of key process factors such as standoff distance (TSD), abrasive flow rate (FOA), nozzle traverse speed (TRS), and jet pressure (JWP) on cutting performance and material properties using a SEM and surface roughness tester. Experiments were conducted using the RSM-based Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) optimization techniques, effectively identifying optimal machining parameters. DSC analysis confirmed that transformation temperatures remain unchanged after AWJM, while XRD verified phase stability and homogeneity without the formation of secondary phases.