Research on Adaptive Interaction Design for the Bright-Dark Visual System and Situation Awareness in Multi-Target Recognition Tasks in Enclosed Environments

This study examines how adaptive interaction design can enhance operators’ visual perception and situation awareness during multi‑target recognition tasks in closed‑cabin environments under dynamic lighting changes. Findings reveal complementary effects between color adaptation and flicker adaptation: during bright‑to‑dark transitions, flicker adaptation improves low‑light awareness by stimulating rod cells, whereas during dark‑to‑bright transitions, color adaptation enhances target recognition in high‑light conditions. The integrated adaptive design significantly reduces task completion time and maintains stable performance under varying illumination. However, over‑reliance on such design may increase cognitive load and affect long‑term operational effectiveness. These results offer new insights for optimizing human‑machine interfaces in dynamically lit settings, highlighting the need to balance situational support with cognitive demands.