Optimizing Virtual Reality Meditation: Effects of Sitting and Lying Postures on Relaxation

Virtual reality (VR) meditation has emerged as a promising approach for promoting emotional and physiological relaxation. The influence of body posture on relaxation outcomes during VR meditation, however, remains underexplored. This study examined differences between sitting and lying postures during VR meditation using subjective questionnaires and heart rate variability (HRV). Fifteen participants completed VR meditation in both postures in a within-subject design. Subjective measures included the Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Meditation Depth Questionnaire (MEDEQ), and Slater-Usoh-Steed Questionnaire (SUS). Physiological responses were assessed via HRV. Results indicated that VR meditation reduced stress and negative affect in both postures. The lying posture elicited stronger relaxation responses, with greater meditation depth and increased parasympathetic activation. These findings suggest that posture is an important design consideration for VR meditation. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended.