Perceived effectiveness and usefulness of ChatGPT as an aid for learning programming: a quantitative study based on a novel 8E learning technology model

This study investigates how university students perceive and use ChatGPT as a learning aid for programming, focusing on its effectiveness and usefulness. It introduces a novel application of the 8E e-learning model, which integrates usability and instructional perspectives to provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating generative artificial intelligence-supported programming learning. An online questionnaire was administered to 260 students enrolled in programming-related courses across business, engineering, and education programs at universities. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify overall patterns and differences among student groups. The findings show that students generally perceive ChatGPT as helpful for improving their learning progress, understanding of programming concepts, and academic outcomes. Significant differences emerged across education level, residence, and faculty, suggesting that contextual and disciplinary factors shape students’ experiences with ChatGPT. The study contributes to current research by validating the 8E e-learning model as an evaluation framework for programming learning with ChatGPT and by providing empirical evidence from an Asian higher education context.