Exploring psychological well-being of waste pickers in Kupang, Indonesia: a participatory video study

Waste pickers, informal workers who collect recyclable materials as a source of income, often face significant challenges in their daily lives. This study employed a participatory video approach combined with semi-structured interviews to explore the psychological well-being of eight members of the Aqu Ada Community in Kupang, Indonesia. The findings show that participants actively developed purpose in life, positive relationships with others, and autonomy, while struggling with self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and personal growth due to structural and social constraints. These results extend Ryff’s model of psychological well-being to a marginalized, collectivist context, where family responsibilities, community ties, and precarious living conditions shape well-being. The study demonstrates the value of participatory video as both a research tool and an empowering medium, and it underscores the need for targeted policies that support education, recognize the environmental contributions of waste pickers, and reduce stigma, thereby promoting both social dignity and environmental sustainability.