Barriers to Recognizing and Reporting Radicalization: Insights from Family Members

This study examines the barriers family members face in recognizing and reporting indicators of radicalization and mobilization to violence. We conducted in-depth life history interviews with 23 family members of 16 ideological extremists. Our thematic analysis revealed significant obstacles family members face in acknowledging or reporting suspicious behaviors, which are organized into two primary categories: (1) adverse childhood experiences and conduct problems, and (2) observed yet misunderstood warning signs. We frame our findings through symbolic interactionism and family systems theory. We conclude with policy implications, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and rehabilitative services over punitive measures in counterterrorism efforts.