Motivational interviewing in criminal justice settings: a systematic literature review

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based approach used in a broad range of social and health-related settings to enhance personal motivation for change. The present study aimed to synthesize available data on the effectiveness of MI with offenders who have been monitored in criminal justice settings (secure or community-based). A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. After screening 612 articles based on predetermined eligibility criteria, a total of 18 studies were included. Results showed that in the correctional field, MI has been used for five main purposes: (1) to reduce substance use; (2) to improve engagement in treatment; (3) to reduce criminal behavior and recidivism; (4) to reduce HIV risk behaviors; and (5) other purposes (mental health problems, social networks, employment outcomes and contraceptive use). Results across studies were mixed for the different outcomes and correctional settings. Nevertheless, MI demonstrated promising results in reducing substance use and recidivism, particularly after three or more sessions. The influence of some moderating variables related to the psychosocial profile of offenders was also suggested. Overall, considerable heterogeneity between the included trials precluded robust conclusions on the effectiveness of MI in criminal justice contexts and further research is required.