Detection of phthalate compounds in wet wipes using LC–MS/MS: risk assessment and LC–QTOF/MS findings

Phthalates, widely used as plasticizers, pose significant health risks due to their endocrine-disrupting properties. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of 11 phthalate derivatives, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate, and dimethyl phthalate, in wet wipe samples using LC–MS/MS. A total of 15 wet wipe samples were randomly selected from supermarkets and restaurants. DEP was detected in all samples, with the highest concentration observed in one sample, while five samples contained additional phthalate derivatives. A risk assessment was conducted to evaluate non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with dermal exposure to phthalates. The Margin of Safety values for non-carcinogenic effects were within acceptable limits, and the lifetime cancer risk for DEHP remained below the accepted safety threshold. LC–QTOF/MS analysis revealed additional undeclared compounds, including potential allergens and irritants, raising concerns about product safety. However, despite these risk-based findings, the detection of DEHP and DBP represents regulatory noncompliance, as these substances are explicitly prohibited in cosmetic products under European Union and Turkish regulations. Packaging assessment showed that six out of fifteen samples failed to meet national labeling requirements. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for stricter regulatory enforcement and transparent labeling to ensure consumer safety.