Evaluating inclusivity and efficiency in university open spaces: a user-centric approach

Designing inclusive and efficient open spaces is critical in newly established universities. This study adopts a user-centric approach, combining architectural, spatial, and social research methods to assess how factors such as spatial enclosure and openness of space impact inclusivity and efficiency, using the American University in Cairo's New Cairo campus as a case study. By focusing on design's impact on inclusivity, defined by students’ insights into how well spaces meet their needs, this research addresses gaps in understanding these factors in university open spaces. A georeferenced questionnaire surveyed 345 AUC students, capturing user experiences in high-usage areas identified through a prior spatial analysis via space syntax, guided by randomized respondent selection. The findings reveal that diverse functionality, spatial accessibility, and environmental adaptability are key design elements that enhance inclusivity. Specifically, spaces designed to support varied student activities and that incorporate shading, seating, and clear pathways were most effective in fostering inclusivity. Additionally, the impact of open versus enclosed spaces on users’ sense of belonging and interaction was assessed, showing that well-designed open areas significantly enhance inclusivity and efficiency. These insights provide practical guidelines for planners, designers, and administrators aiming to create more inclusive and efficient campus spaces.