Expectations and experiences of grandfathers parenting grandchildren: interviews with grandfathers

Informal kinship care, where relatives other than their parents raise children, is increasing globally. Grandparents, and sometimes grandfathers, are often called to parent grandchildren due to various familial challenges. This study explores the experiences and expectations of grandfathers parenting grandchildren in Aotearoa, New Zealand. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 21 grandfathers who transitioned to parenting roles for their grandchildren. Reflexive thematic analysis, incorporating both inductive and deductive elements, was employed to develop themes from the data. Two main themes were developed: (1) Carrying the past: Highlighting the challenges and influence of grandfathers’ own experiences, expectations and societal norms about the role of men in parenting roles, and (2) From insider to outsider: Transitions, redefining relationships, and adjusting to new social positionings, portraying the shifting landscape of social groupings related to social roles. Positioning theory framed the grandfathers’ experiences of being positioned by self and others in their altered social roles. Understanding the unique experiences of grandfathers parenting grandchildren can inform tailored social policies and support systems. This study underscores the need for inclusive support that addresses the specific needs of grandfathers, which could enhance their ability to provide stable and nurturing environments for their grandchildren.