A multi-criteria analytical evaluation of construction systems for temporary shelters based on an AHP–TOPSIS integrated approach

Post-disaster temporary shelter construction involves both humanitarian and technical dimensions. Evaluating different systems requires considering multiple criteria such as rapid deployment, space efficiency, and cost. This study aims to determine the most suitable construction system for temporary shelters using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. A literature review based on the PRISMA protocol was conducted to identify evaluation criteria, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to determine their relative weights based on expert opinions. The consistency ratio (CR) was calculated as 0.0303, indicating reliable judgments. Subsequently, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank four construction systems according to five criteria. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the results under different criterion weight scenarios. The results revealed that modular systems were the most suitable alternative, followed by membrane, compact and traditional systems. Modular systems stand out for rapid installation and durability; membrane systems perform well in early disaster stages but offer limited comfort. Compact systems provide portability at higher costs, while traditional systems promote local materials but lack speed. Overall, modular systems represent the most appropriate solution, while other systems may be used complementarily depending on context.