Nation-state interests prevail: Gulf states’ policies towards the Gaza war

This article examines the positioning of the six Gulf states regarding the Gaza war between Israel and Hamas. It proposes a typology categorising these states into three groups based on their diplomatic relations with Israel: those maintaining a boycott, unofficial ties, or formal agreements. Using a qualitative methodology grounded in diplomatic data and elite discourse, the study analyzes national interest and policy interventions across domestic, regional, and international levels. The findings demonstrate that Gulf states strategically balance pro-Palestinian rhetoric– driven by domestic public sentiment– with the preservation of strategic alliances and economic diversification agendas. While Qatar emerges as an active mediator, most states exhibit political passivity, prioritising financial aid and diplomatic critiques over direct engagement. Crucially, no willingness was identified among these states to participate in the management of Gaza as a precursor to broader regional political settlements. The study concludes that Gulf states’ responses reflect a hierarchy of priorities: regime security, economic transformation, and regional leadership aspirations outweigh proactive involvement in regional conflict.