Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors as potential anti-diabetes agents: updated patent review (2019–2023)

INTRODUCTION: Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key strategy for improving insulin sensitivity in various cells. This strategy is supported by human genetic data. PTP1B inhibitors are considered an attractive target for the treatment of T2DM because they improve insulin receptor sensitivity and have the ability to reverse insulin resistance-related diseases. AREAS COVERED: This review provides an overview of the patents that were published between January 2019 and December 2023. The efficacy of potent PTP1B inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM is described in this review. The latest patented studies of PTP1B inhibitors (are summarized by using the keywords 'PTP1B inhibitors,' in PubMed, SciFinder, and Google Patents. EXPERT OPINION: There has been tremendous progress in PTP1B drug discovery. Progress has been made with natural products, semi-synthetic natural product derivatives and heterocyclic hybrid compounds. A number of protocols are being pursued in order to enhance the biological effects of PTP1B inhibitors. In addition, these new advances suggest that it may be possible to obtain small-molecule inhibitors of PTP1B with the required potency and selectivity. In addition, future efforts using an integrated medicinal chemistry and structural biology strategy are expected to lead to potent and selective PTP1B inhibitors.