Towards a framework of coping following severe traumatic brain injury: a grounded theory study

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an array of physical, psychological and social changes. Adopting positive coping mechanisms following a TBI is important in maximising recovery outcomes including psychological wellbeing and quality of life. Using grounded theory methodology, this study explored the lived experiences of individuals recovering from severe TBI and the development of coping strategies. The research responds to a recognised gap in survivor-centred literature by prioritising the voices of individuals living with the long-term consequences of TBI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants who sustained severe TBIs, capturing rich qualitative data on the psychological, social and cognitive challenges encountered during recovery. Five interrelated factors emerged as critical to the development of coping strategies: Purpose, Management and Acceptance which were found to interact dynamically, with Support and Understanding determining to adoption of Effective TBI Coping. The resulting TBI Model of Coping offers a survivor-informed framework that provides new insights into recovery processes following severe TBI. This research highlights the importance of tailored psychological support and the need for interventions that consider the multifaceted nature of coping. The model has practical implications for neurorehabilitation services and contributes to the advancement of personalised care for TBI survivors.