Prevalence and psychological risk factors: a structural equation model of voyeurism engagement in men

Voyeurism has been, and continues to be, a growing problem worldwide, particularly with the rise of technology. Yet, unlike many other sexual offences, the characteristics and risk factors associated with voyeurism remain underexplored. Using a sample of UK men (N = 492), Study 1 examined sexual arousal, proclivity, and engagement in voyeurism in the general population. Results indicated that 32.30% reported engaging in voyeurism, supporting the suitability of the sample for further investigation. Study 2 sampled UK men (N = 513) and categorised participants into three groups: (1) no desire or engagement, (2) desire without engagement, and (3) engagement in voyeurism. Groups differed across several psychological measures. A structural equation model demonstrated that sexual interest in voyeurism strongly predicted engagement, with sexual compulsivity and socio-relational factors (loneliness, self-efficacy in romantic relationships, and resilient coping) also playing important roles. Findings are discussed in relation to the aetiology of sexual offending and implications for practice.PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT Findings suggest that sexual interest in voyeurism may be a key factor in engagement, with sexual compulsivity and socio-relational variables (e.g. loneliness, relationship self-efficacy and coping) also playing a role. Practitioners may wish to consider these factors in assessment and intervention, while recognising that further research is needed to confirm their clinical utility.