Enhancing Anti-Seismic Performance of Building Structures Based on Negative Stiffness with Impacting Absorbers

Building structures can experience significant displacements and even structural damage under strong seismic effects. The evaluation of seismic performance of building structures is a hot spot in current research. In this paper, two new types of vibration control systems for building structures are proposed: impact vibration absorber with negative stiffness (IVANS) and impacting vibration absorbers based on negative stiffness and electromagnetic (EM-IVANS). The EM-IVANS system integrates an impact vibration absorber with an electromagnetic energy conversion module, replacing the traditional viscous damping components found in conventional tuned mass damper (TMD) systems. This innovative approach addresses the critical power supply issue during seismic events in building structures. In order to enhance the vibration damping capability of the system, parameter tuning is carried out using the H2 paradigm optimization method combined with Monte Carlo mode search method. The results show that the implementation of IVANS and EM-IVANS systems can significantly improve the building performance during seismic events. These systems effectively mitigate structural vulnerability and minimize potential damage while increasing overall system reliability. In addition, a significant reduction in the displacement response under seismic loading conditions was observed. At the same time, the EM-IVANS system can also harvest energy under strong seismic effects to provide emergency power to the building structure. From eight different seismic excitations, the two control systems show a continuous reduction in peak displacement. Specifically, the displacement attenuation rates for single-story structures averaged 15.78% and 23.09%, respectively, while the mitigation effect was more significant for multi-story buildings, with corresponding attenuation rate percentages averaging 21.81% and 30.07%, respectively.