How does supply chain digitalisation affect corporate green total factor productivity? The roles of dynamic capabilities and ChatGPT

Taking the policy of supply chain innovation and application pilot (SCIAP) as a quasi-natural experiment, we use the DMLDID model to evaluate the influences of supply chain digitalisation (SCD) on corporate green total factor productivity (GTFP). The intermediary function of dynamic capabilities and the moderating role of ChatGPT in this relationship are also discussed. Empirical tests using data from listed firms spanning 2012–2024 indicate that the policy significantly promoted corporate productivity gains. Dynamic innovative, absorptive, and adaptive capabilities all serve as important paths between supply chain digitalisation and GTFP. Application of generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT of firms reinforces the positive effect of SCD on GTFP. Heterogeneity analysis shows that SCD enhances GTFP more significantly in growing and mature, non-heavy polluting, and strictly regulated firms. Further analysis proves that SCD doesn’t exhibit a notable spatial spillover effect, but exerts a significant supplier spillover effect in the production network.