Exploring the intersectionality of religion and gender: a multilevel intersectional analysis of Muslim women career development

The intersection of religion and gender has not been addressed in human resource development research, despite its significant influence on women’s career development. In this article we explore the challenges that hinder the career development of Muslim women in Western organisations by examining the intersectionality of religion and gender. Through a systematic review of 37 empirical studies, the findings reveal that intersectionality theory underpins the career experiences of Muslim women, reflecting the multilevel complexity of societal and cultural norms, organisational practices, and individual characteristics that impede career development. The results emphasise that Muslim women are not a homogeneous group, and the intersection of multiple social identities creates a unique and complex experience of disadvantage throughout their career development. Based on this review, implications for human resource development practices are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.