Associations of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH): longitudinal cohort and cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and a Hunan cross-sectional study, the study investigated the link between metabolic heterogeneity of obesity (MHO) and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). METHODS: The cohort study included 2278 males, and the cross-sectional study included 851 males; all were divided into four BMI-metabolic categories: MHNW, MUNW, MHOO, and MUOO. RESULTS: This cross-sectional study found LUTS/BPH patients were younger, more urban-dwelling, with higher education and MHOO/MUOO prevalence. Both studies showed age, residence, education, obesity, and metabolic heterogeneity were linked with LUTS/BPH; CHARLS also linked arthritis and liver illness to LUTS/BPH. CONCLUSIONS: = 0.0051), but only MHOO remained significant after adjusting for age and multiple factors, indicating that it was independently associated with LUTS/BPH regardless of confounders.