Polycystin-2 (PC2): structural insights and its role in disease pathogenesis

CONTEXT: Polycystin-2 (PC2), a calcium-permeable ion channel, is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and primary cilium. Mutations in PC2 are linked diseases, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. OBJECTIVE: This review highlights the structural features, distribution, and regulatory mechanisms of PC2, emphasising its involvement in renal and extra-renal diseases. METHODS: Through a systematic review and analysis of existing literature, we evaluated evidence on the molecular function of PC2 and its pathophysiological involvement in disease processes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Despite advances in understanding PC2's role, further research is needed to elucidate its full functional spectrum and therapeutic potential.