Measuring global design capabilities: An empirical model

This study introduces the Global Design Capabilities Ranking (GDCR), a novel index developed to benchmark national design capabilities across 153 countries. Responding to the limitations of earlier frameworks, such as limited coverage and reliance on non-replicable indicators, the GDCR leverages internationally available data on industrial design registrations, trademarks, and design awards. These outputs were aggregated using Principal Component Analysis and linked through regression to a replicated Design Competitiveness Ranking. The resulting model identifies two main dimensions: design production and recognition. Results validate the use of intellectual property as proxies of design capabilities, revealing regional patterns and providing actionable insights. Compared to previous benchmarks, this framework advances design policy research by offering a cost-effective, scalable tool to assess national design ecosystems. It supports international comparability and enables policymakers, especially in developing contexts, to better understand and promote design-driven innovation.