Pronghorn and Cultural Practices at Promontory Cave 1 in Utah

Promontory Cave 1 served as a culturally significant site in thirteenth century CE northern Utah, a region shaped by dynamic interactions between incoming Subarctic populations and established Great Basin groups. This study highlights the role of pronghorn, the fastest land mammal in the Western Hemisphere, in these social exchanges, suggesting that the species may have been central to communal gathering events held at the cave. Zooarchaeological analysis of almost 350 pronghorn specimens, representing at least 30 individuals, reveals that entire carcasses were likely transported to the site. The heads were processed with particular care, showing evidence of brain extraction and possible tongue removal. Several portions of the limbs were found in articulation, suggesting selective consumption or processing of specific body parts. Age profile assessments indicate that pronghorn of all age groups were consumed, with a predominance of juveniles and prime adults. The seasonality data propose a pattern of pronghorn consumption at the site during fall, winter, and spring.