Homeland to hostland: exploring the adaptation process of Kuki diaspora in Malaysia

This paper examines the socio-cultural identity of the Kuki diaspora in Malaysia by analysing adaptation processes, experiences of cultural distress, and sustained ties with the homeland. Drawing on empirical data from 20 participants collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation, the paper explores how kinship and ethnic networks mediate everyday engagements with the host society. Guided by Berry’s acculturation model, Eisenbruch’s concept of cultural bereavement, Putnam’s social capital theory, and Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory, we argue that the Kuki diaspora predominantly pursue an integration strategy, balancing cultural preservation with selective adaptation to Malaysian society. Strong intra-community networks mitigate cultural loss while enabling pragmatic participation beyond the community. Key coping practices include involvement in community activities, financial restraint, and the gradual incorporation of the Malay language into daily interactions. By foregrounding the interplay between identity, resilience, and social capital, the paper advances understanding of acculturation in Southeast Asia.